Journal: Journal of translational medicine

Article Title: Niclosamide suppresses the expansion of follicular helper T cells and alleviates disease severity in two murine models of lupus via STAT3.

doi: 10.1186/s12967-021-02760-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1 Niclosamide ameliorates disease aggravation in MRL/lpr mice. Female 10-week-old MRL/lpr mice were orally administered 0.5% methyl cellulose (vehicle, n = 7), or 100 mg/kg niclosamide (Niclosamide, n = 7) daily until they were 16-week-old. a Left, Representative photographs documenting the enlargement of kidneys. Right, kidney weights in vehicle, niclosamide groups. b Urine albumin levels normalized to creatinine. c Serum levels of anti-dsDNA IgG antibody. d Serum levels of antibody subclasses (IgG, IgG1, and IgM). e Serum levels of IL-6 and IL-21. f Left, representative photomicrographs of PAS-stained sections of kidney. Original magnification ×200 (upper), ×100 (middle, bottom). Right, histological score. g Left, representative immunofluorescent images of kidney C3 staining. Original magnification ×100 (upper), ×400 (bottom). Right, MFI of C3 deposition. Data shown as mean ± SD. t-test was performed. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001

Article Snippet: Total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgM levels in the sera of the mice were measured by ELISA following the manufacturer’s instructions (Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX, USA).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Journal of translational medicine

Article Title: Niclosamide suppresses the expansion of follicular helper T cells and alleviates disease severity in two murine models of lupus via STAT3.

doi: 10.1186/s12967-021-02760-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4 Niclosamide inhibits TFH-like cell differentiation and B cell IgG production in vitro. Naive CD4+ T cells were purified from the spleens of MRL/lpr and C57BL/6 mice. For TFH-like cell differentiation, purified CD4+ T cells were activated with mouse T-activator CD3/CD28 Dynabeads, and treated with 20 ng/ml IL-6, 20 ng/ml IL-21, 10 μg/ml anti-IL-4, 10 μg/ml anti-IFN-γ, and 20 μg/ml anti-TGF-β for 4 days with or without niclosamide. a Left, TFH-like cells (CXCR5+PD-1+, gated on CD4+) isolated from MRL/lpr mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. Right, the percentage of TFH-like cells is shown. b p-STAT3 and TCF-1 expressions in TFH-like cells isolated from MRL/lpr mice were analyzed by western blot. c mRNA expression levels of Bcl-6, CXCR5, and Blimp-1 in TFH-like cells isolated from MRL/lpr mice were measured by real-time PCR. d TFH-like cells and B cells isolated from C57BL/6 mice were co-cultured with or without TFH-like cells for 3 days, and then the concentrations of IgG in the supernatants were detected by ELISA. Data shown as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA was performed. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, ns: not significant

Article Snippet: Total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgM levels in the sera of the mice were measured by ELISA following the manufacturer’s instructions (Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX, USA).

Techniques: Cell Differentiation, In Vitro, Purification, Isolation, Flow Cytometry, Western Blot, Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Journal of translational medicine

Article Title: Niclosamide suppresses the expansion of follicular helper T cells and alleviates disease severity in two murine models of lupus via STAT3.

doi: 10.1186/s12967-021-02760-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5 Niclosamide ameliorates disease aggravation in R848-induced mice. Female 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were treated with 50 μg of the TLR7 agonist R848 or control (acetone) three times weekly and were orally administered 0.5% methyl cellulose (control, R848, n = 4–6), or 100 mg/kg niclosamide (niclosamide, n = 7) daily until they were 12-week-old. a Representative photographs documenting the enlargement of spleens and cLNs. b Spleen lengths and weights in each group. c cLN lengths and weights in each group. d Urine albumin levels normalized to creatinine. e Serum levels of anti-dsDNA IgG antibody. f Serum levels of antibody subclasses (IgG, IgG2a). g Serum levels of IL-6, IL-21. h Left, representative photomicrographs of PAS-stained sections of kidney. Original magnification ×200 (upper), ×100 (bottom). Right, histological scores. i Left, representative immunofluorescent images of kidney C3 staining. Original magnification ×100 (upper), ×400 (bottom). Right, MFI of C3 deposition. Data shown as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA was performed. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, ns: not significant

Article Snippet: Total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgM levels in the sera of the mice were measured by ELISA following the manufacturer’s instructions (Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX, USA).

Techniques: Control, Staining